<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-4298</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Botanical Sciences]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bot. sci]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-4298</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Botánica de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-42982019000400579</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17129/botsci.2184</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Fenología, sincronía floral y éxito reproductivo de Neolloydia conoidea (Cactaceae)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phenology, floral synchrony and reproductive success of Neolloydia conoidea (Cactaceae)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arroyo-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erika]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez-Sierra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cecilia Leonor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zavala-Hurtado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores-Rivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salgado-Ugarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isaías Hazarmabeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Iztapalapa Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Departamento de Biología Laboratorio de Ecología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Iztapalapa Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica División de Ciencias Ambientales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Luis Potosí ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>97</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>579</fpage>
<lpage>587</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-42982019000400579&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-42982019000400579&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-42982019000400579&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Antecedentes:  Los estudios sobre los patrones de floración, sincronía floral y éxito reproductivo en cactáceas son incipientes y de muchas especies se desconoce prácticamente su biología reproductiva como ocurre con la cactácea globosa Neolloydia conoidea.  Preguntas:  ¿Cómo es el patrón de floración a nivel poblacional? ¿Cómo es la sincronía floral? y ¿Existe relación entre la sincronía floral y el éxito reproductivo?  Especie: Neolloydia conoidea Britton &amp; Rose (Cactaceae)  Sitio de estudio y fechas:  Municipio de Tolimán en Querétaro, México. Dos años de observaciones (N = 146 individuos en 2015; 142 en 2016) en una población de Neolloydia conoidea.  Métodos:  Censo de las flores en antesis y análisis de la fenología de floración a través de Estimadores de Densidad por Kernel (EDK) y componentes gaussianos. Determinación de la sincronía floral a través de los índices de Augspurger (SA) y de Marquis (SM) y comparación del éxito reproductivo (fruit set y seed set) por año y por pulsos.  Resultados: Neolloydia conoidea presentó un patrón de floración con 5 a 6 pulsos discretos al año. La sincronía por año y por pulsos fue baja y no se correlacionó con el éxito reproductivo.  Conclusiones: Neolloydia conoidea presenta un patrón de floración en pulsos con bajos niveles de sincronía. Este es el primer registro de dicha estrategia para una cactácea globosa, aunque un patrón similar ya ha sido reportado para una cactácea columnar. Sugerimos que esto podría representar una estrategia de &#8220;bet hedging&#8221; en el sitio de estudio.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Background:  Studies on flowering patterns, floral synchrony and reproductive success in cacti are incipient. Reproductive biology of most cacti species is unknown, such as the case of the globose cactus Neolloydia conoidea.  Questions:  How is the pattern of flowering at the population level? How is the floral synchrony? Is there a relationship between floral synchrony and reproductive success?  Species: Neolloydia conoidea (DC.) Britton &amp; Rose (Cactaceae).  Study site and dates:  Municipality of Tolimán, Querétaro, México. Two years of observations (N = 146 individuals in 2015, 142 in 2016) in a population of Neolloydia conoidea.  Methods:  Census of flowers in anthesis and analysis of flowering phenology through Kernel Density Estimators (KDE) and Gaussian components. Determination of floral synchrony through Augspurger (SA) and Marquis (SM) indexes and comparison of reproductive success (fruit set and seed set) per year and per pulse.  Results: Neolloydia conoidea presents a flowering of pulsed pattern with low synchrony levels. This is the first record of this strategy for a globose cactus, although a similar pattern has already been reported for a columnar cactus. We suggest that this could represent a reproductive strategy of "bet hedging" on study site.  Conclusions: Neolloydia conoidea presents a pattern of flowering in pulses with low levels of synchrony. This is the first record of such a strategy for a globose cactus, although a similar pattern has already been reported for a columnar cactus. We suggest that this could represent a &#8220;bet hedging&#8221; strategy at the study site.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estimadores de densidad por kernel]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[patrón de floración]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[proporción de frutos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[proporción de semillas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Flowering pattern]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fruit set]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[kernels&#8217; density estimators]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[seed set]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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