<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-3309</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de fitopatología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fitopatol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-3309</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-33092016000100085</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18781/R.MEX.FIT.1507-1</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Identification and antagonistic activity in vitro of Bacillus spp. and Trichoderma spp. isolates against common phytopathogenic fungi]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Identificación y actividad antagónica in vitro de aislados de Bacillus spp. y Trichoderma spp. contra hongos fitopatógenos comunes]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rios Velasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caro Cisneros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berlanga Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz Cisneros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ornelas Paz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salas Marina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.Á.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero Prieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Campus Cuauhtémoc ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuauhtémoc Chihuahua]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua Campus Cuauhtémoc Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuautémoc Chihuahua]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Campus Irapuato]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Irapuato Guanajuato]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>85</fpage>
<lpage>99</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-33092016000100085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-33092016000100085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-33092016000100085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Several diseases in crop plants caused by pathogenic fungi represent an economic problem due the losses they cause. Likewise, antagonistic microorganisms have been used as biological control agents such as Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus spp., among others as an efficient alternative to reduce the use of chemical fungicides in the control of crop diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the taxa of pathogens and antagonists microorganisms based on their molecular characters and to evaluate the antagonistic activity in vitro of two Bacillus isolates and two Trichoderma isolates, against five common pathogenic fungi: Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium crustosum, Aspergillus nidulans, and Alternaria alternata. The nine microorganisms were used for the gDNA extraction and to amplify the 18S ribosomal DNA gene and the Internal Transcribed Spacer with the ITS primers ITS5 and ITS4 of fungi and gene of the 16S of the rDNA, using the universal primers EU(F) and EU(R) for bacteria, for molecular identification. Both T. asperellum isolates showed a significant antagonistic activity against the phytopathogenic fungi tested where the percentage of radial growth inhibition (PRGI) of the fungi colonies ranged from 43 to 71 %, whereas the PRGI induced by Bacillus species, were significant, with values up to 69 % when tested in vitro against B. cinerea, while the lowest effect was observed with F. oxysporum, P. crustosum, and A. nidulans. Both Bacillus species induced the presence of an inhibition halo, with values of 5 and 11 mm, when tested in vitro against F. oxysporum, and B. cinerea, respectively. The antagonistic effect of the bacterial and fungal isolates showed that these microorganisms could be used as biological control agents of several phytopathogenic fungi of crop plants.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Muchas enfermedades en cultivos causadas por hongos patógenos representan un problema económico debido a las pérdidas que éstas causan. Del mismo modo microorganismos antagonistas tales como Trichoderma spp. y Bacillus spp., entre otros, han sido usados como agentes de control biológico como una alternativa eficiente para reducir el uso de fungicidas químicos en el control de enfermedades de plantas. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar taxas de microorganismos patógenos y antagonistas basado en sus caracteres moleculares y evaluar la actividad antagónica in vitro de dos aislados de Bacillus y dos aislados de Trichoderma contra cinco hongos patogénicos comunes: Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium crustosum, Aspergillus nidulans y Alternaria alternata. Para la identificación molecular, los nueve microorganismos fueron usados para la extracción del ADN genómico y amplificación del gen del ADN ribosomal 18S y del Espaciador Transcrito Interno con los iniciadores ITS (ITS5 e ITS4) para los hongos y el gen del 16S del ADNr, usando los iniciadores universales EU(F) y EU(R) para bacterias. Ambos aislados de T. asperellum mostraron una actividad antagonista significativa contra los hongos fitopatógenos probados, donde los porcentajes de inhibición del crecimiento radial (PICR) de las colonias de hongos fitopatógenos fluctuó de 43 a 71 %, mientras los PICR inducidos por Bacillus fueron significativos, con valores de hasta 69 % cuando se probaron in vitro contra B. cinerea, mientras que el efecto más bajo se observó con F. oxysporum, P. crustosum y A. nidulans. Ambas especies de Bacillus, indujeron la presencia de un halo de inhibición, con valores de 5 y 11 mm, cuando se probaron in vitro contra F. oxysporum y B. cinerea, respectivamente. Los efectos antagonistas de los aislados de bacterias y hongos, muestran que estos microorganismos pueden ser usados como agentes de control biológico de varios hongos fitopatógenos de cultivos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bacillus methylotrophicus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bacillus amyloliquefaciens]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Trichoderma asperellum]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[phytopathogens]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ITS region]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[molecular identification]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bacillus methylotrophicus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bacillus amyloliquefaciens]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Trichoderma asperellum]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fitopatógenos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[región ITS]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[identificación molecular]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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